Tuesday, January 28, 2020

The Importance of Theory and Research in Child Development Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Theory and Research in Child Development Essay In order for us to understand how a child develops we must conduct research on theories that we believe and others believe to be true. When we do understand the development of children we will be able to understand the skills and behaviors of children. This will help us to understand why they will not eat certain foods or how children of different ages react differently to certain things. In the early 20th century many theories were put forward to help explain why and how children develop. A theorist who played a major influence in how we understand children was Jean Piaget. According to Mossler (2014) â€Å"While administering Binet’s intelligence test to Parisian schoolchildren, he became fascinated by children’s incorrect answers. After many years of observing the mental limitations of children, including his own, Piaget came to the conclusion that children of different ages think differently.† (p. 16) When an individual says the phrase â€Å"I did that with my children and it worked fine for them,† I believe that they are trying to get the other individual to do what they did with their children. Whether they are explaining to them how they punished their children or how they made it easier for them to learn something. This statement is not true in all cases. How one child understands and learns can be different than how another child understands and learns. For example, growing up my parents would punish me by spanking me, by doing this I learned that what I was doing was wrong. In order to teach me something new, my parents would show me how to do it once and then let me try it. This method of teaching has always worked with me but with my little sister, she had to study it a few times before she got the hang of it. It is important to utilize developmental theory to explain a foundational knowledge of childrens development so that parents and caregivers will be able to properly raise  these children in healthy and trusting environments. According to Virginia Department of Social Services (2004) Child development is the foundation upon which early childhood practice is bas ed. Because the psychomotor, socioemotional, cognitive, and linguistic developmental domains are inter-related, early childhood professionals in all types of programs (e.g., family child care homes, early childhood education centers) must comprehend both the processes of development and the adult’s role in supporting each child’s growth, development, and learning. (p. 1) Scholarly researchers will form a hypothesis, and then while referring back to previous research or writing by other academics or scholars, conduct research on the hypothesis in order to make their information available to the rest of the scholars. Unlike scholarly research, anecdotal evidence is something that is experienced by the researcher and is not considered very reliable. According to Mossler (2014) â€Å"Anecdotal evidence is not a substitute for good research. Only controlled experimental studies can properly answer the question of cause and effect.† (p. 48) Cognitive developmental theory i s founded on the idea that children gain knowledge by exploring and influencing the world that is all around them. According to Mossler (2014) â€Å"After many years of observing the mental limitations of children, including his own, Piaget came to the conclusion that children of different ages think differently. Mental activity evolves in a predictable pattern of distinct stages related to natural maturation of the brain (Piaget, 1983).† (p. 16) The key points to Piagets theory of cognitive development are the four stages of his theory. The first stage is the sensorimotor stage, which occurs from the time the child is born up to the age of two. In this stage the idea that infants â€Å"think† by influencing the world around them is considered. The second stage is the preoperational stage, which occurs from the age of two to the age of seven. This is characterized stage by the impression that children use symbols to represent their discoveries. In the third stage, the concrete operational stage, transpires when the child is seven up to eleven years old. This stage is categorized by the idea that children’s reasoning becomes focused and logical. In the final stage, the formal operational stage, children from ages eleven to adulthood are described by the indication that children develop the ability to think in abstract ways. (Boundless, 2015) The value of continued learning is important for an individual to learn and  grow. The way we think and act is constantly evolving and this happens from new understandings, new knowledge and new skills. We should incorporate both personal experience and scholarly research grounded in theory in order to learn new things and help others learn them as well. Most research starts with an idea and is developed from there. References Boundless. â€Å"Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development.† Boundless Psychology. Boundless, 27 Jun. 2014. Retrieved 05 Apr. 2015 from https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/human-development-14/theories-of-human-development-70/piaget-s-theory-of-cognitive-development-270-12805/ Mossler, R. (2nd ed.). (2014). Child and Adolescent Development. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education. Virginia Department of Social Services. (2004). Competencies for early childhood professionals’ area II: Understanding child growth and development. Retrieved from http://www.dss.virginia.gov/files/division/cc/provider_training_development/intro_page/publications/competencies/chapters_individually/04.pdf

Monday, January 20, 2020

Computers in Film :: Computer Generated Images Animation CGI Cinema

Computer animation is the art of creating moving images via the use of the computers. It is a subfield of computer graphics and animations (Computer Animation). It is created through the use of 2D and 3D computer graphics. This technique is becoming increasingly popular in the world of the film industry. Several animated features are now being created by the use of computers. Special effects are being created by computers as well. Movie companies that are becoming famous for using computers are Pixar, Dream Works, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, Square Pictures and Walt Disney. Dream Works developed the computer animated movies, â€Å"Antz†, â€Å"Shark Tale† and â€Å"Shrek† (1 and 2). Paramount Pictures created, â€Å"Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius†, Square Pictures created, â€Å"Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within†, and Walt Disney created the recent animated feature, â€Å"Dinosaur.† The most inventive and successful company is by far Pixar with their creation of â€Å"A Bug’s Life†, â€Å"Finding Nemo†, â€Å"Monster’s Inc.† and â€Å"The Incredibles.†(List of Computer-animated films) In computer animation an illusion of movement is created by an image being displayed on the computer screen which is then quickly replaced by another image that is very similar but shifted slightly. One may wonder, how do these movies create images to look like smooth moving figures? The pictures must be drawn as 24 frames per second or faster. Some movies these days are putting 70 frames a second which makes it impossible for the eye or brain to process to notice the break between objects. Computer animation requires high frame rates to reinforce the realism of the picture. There is no jerkiness seen as the higher speeds due to â€Å"persistence of vision† (Computer Animation). Humans’ eyes and brains help out with computer animation, they automatically smooth out minor breaks because they store a picture for a fraction of a second and it creates the illusion of continuous movement. After an image is sent to the screen to a back buffer, a computer can draw the image and make any changes needed before it is complete. Once the image is correct the computer tells the screen to draw from the back buffer either by copying the image from the back buffer to the primary buffer or making the back buffer the new primary buffer.

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Crime and Hand Unemployment Rate Essay

Many contemporary macro-level theories of criminal behavior and empirical tudies pf crime rates address the relationship between economic factor and crime. Relationship between economic circumstances such as wage inflation and unemployment to criminal activity is the main subject matter of this study. Wage inflation and unemployment taken as predictors of crime rates. Unemployment and inflation are two intricately linked economic concept. In economics, inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time and it is also erosion in the purchasing power of money. And unemployment occurs when a person is able to and willing to work but urrently without work. Unemployment is usually measured using the unemployment rate which is defined as the percentage of those in the labor for who are unemployed. One causes of unemployment is inflation. Over the years there has been a number of economists trying to interpret the relationship between the concepts of inflation and unemployment. This relationship is also known as the Phillips curve. Phillips curve is an inverse relationship between rate of unemployment and rate of increase in money wages. The higher the rate of unemployment, the lower the rate of wage inflation. In other words, there is a radeoff between wage inflation and unemployment lead to a problem that individual do such a thing Just to endure it. It means that if you are unemployed you will do anything to earn and to survive for everyday living. For this, some people tend to commit crimes especially crime against property. It is a common observation of many countries that unemployment rates and all crime rates are positively associated but negatively in the wage inflation.

Saturday, January 4, 2020

Inequality in the United States Among Minorities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1915 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Social Inequality in the United States among Minorities By: CLK Have you ever been treated unfair, not equal because of your race, gender, status, wealth. Every day in this world people are judged and discriminated against just for these things and sometimes for other simple reasons. So many movements have happened in the United States to try and right the wrong of unequal things against minorities. For example women’s suffrage which was the fight for the right for women to vote, they weren’t allowed to vote just based off the fact that they were woman. Another movement was the civil rights movement which if you think about it was not that long ago, it was long overdue, but the movement was not that long ago. As many know it was the fight for the equal justice and treatment of blacks in this country. Being a minority has a broad wide range it is just not black people , or anyone that is not white there are other groups of minorities such as Hispanics, or being a woman, gays and lesbians, religion groups. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Inequality in the United States Among Minorities" essay for you Create order While in this course I have learned so much about many different kinds of social problems in societies around the world and in the United States, such as poverty, social inequality, race and cultural discrimination, gender stratification, environmental damage, population growth, and urbanization. I chose my final essay to be on Social Inequality and the Minorities in the United States. For me this subject raises many points of our daily life and brings us to the point of reality in our world. While we think such things as racism and discrimination are minor things in our bust lives or in our changing world, but those things are still very much alive, maybe just not in the for front like they were once before but they still do exist and very much alive in out country. My paper is going to discuss how minorities are treated unfair or unequal in this country, and what I think we can do to better solve this silent growing problem here in the great United States, for I believe our country has come alone way but we have so much further to go to help and to benefit everyone here, man or woman, black or white, gay or straight. Let’s start off with what are social inequities and what is minorities. Social inequality refers to a lack of social equality, where individuals in a society do not have equal social status. Areas of potential social inequality include voting rights, freedom of speech and assembly, the extent of property rights and access to education, health care and other social goods. Inequality is socially created by matching two different kinds of processes. The social roles in society are first matched to ‘reward packages’ of unequal value and individual members of society are then allocated to the positions so defined and rewarded† Social inequality is different from economic inequality but the two inequalities are linked. Economic inequality refers to disparities in the distribution of economic assets and income. While economic inequality is caused by the unequal distribution of wealth, social inequality exists because the lack of wealth in certain areas prohibits th ese people from obtaining the same housing, health care, etc. s the wealthy in societies where access to these social goods depends on wealth. Most Americans have a sense of the presence of inequality. We learn about it in many ways on a daily basis, from our observations of people, homes, cars, neighborhoods, and news accounts of the rich and famous. There is good evidence that we start to learn about inequality at a very early age and accumulate additional knowledge throughout our lives. Most Americans are aware of different forms of inequality. They know about income inequality and the patterns of discrimination against women and racial and ethnic groups. As we prosper through time, inequality is slowly less evident. A lot of people dont realize that although things are improving with time, inequality is still prominent in our society. The people that are failing to realize that there still is inequality are the fortunate ones. They rise well above the poverty line, and usually live relatively economically sound lives. They are the people who are supplied with our societys benefits. The people that are in pursuit of social change, and constantly bring attention to issues of equal rights and privileges, are often the people that do not have them. They are the ones who suffer daily from different levels of inequality. Minorities are people who are a racial, religious, political, national, or other group thought to be different from the larger group of which it is part, which can be a board spectrum of people. Minority groups are made up of people who share a common set of cultural or physical characteristics that marks them as different from the powerful dominant group and for which they often suffer social disadvantages, because of their lack of power. As in the case of race and ethnicity, minority group membership is given by society. The most common minority groups are African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Women. A social inequality that is happening in the United States right now is health care among blacks. For blacks, health inequalities are the cumulative result of both past and current discrimination throughout U. S. culture. Due to discrimination and limited educational opportunities, blacks disproportionately work in low-pay, high-health-risk occupations (e. . , they are migrant farm workers, fast food workers, garment industry workers). (Vernellia). The lack of having a good job really affects the way people are cared for. Having a good job that provides good health care is the key, but like stated by Vernellia a lot of blacks don’t have good paying jobs that offer good health care, they either don’t have any or on public health care, which doesn’t cover much and what it does cover, doesn’ t grantee they proper heath care provider or health care choices. In fact, for blacks, racism is a primary factor. Even when you control for economics, blacks have poorer health. That is, middle-class blacks suffer poorer health than middle-class whites. In fact, middle-class whites live ten years longer than middle-class blacks, while poor whites live only three years longer than poor blacks. (Vernellia). Even though health care right now in the United States is becoming a big issue right now, the point is still clear that they have and have-nots are treated different. People who lack good insurance or insurance at all get the short end of the stick and get the â€Å"just to get you by† health care and health care providers, and most of these people are minorities. This is an issue that needs to be solved for many people are dying before their time just because they didn’t or don’t receive the best health care that is out there. Another big issue that has been hitting the news lately is another inequality here in the United States, and against another minority that a lot of people over look, the LBGT (Lesbian Bisexual, Gay, Transgender) community. These groups of people are normally looked over for their sexual orientation, or sexual preference. Most people over look this group because of some moral/religious views that they have about this group of people and then cast their discrimination upon them, which there for they are subject to is treated unfairly and unequal. As I did my research I came upon an article that was surprising to me, and was about the U. S military and how they deny veterans who are of the LBGT community their rightful benefits from being in the military. This was a shock to me for I know of the â€Å"Don’t ask, Don’t tell policy†, which I think is a disgrace to our country and our military, but to deny a person who put their life forward for a country and then not to receive their rightful benefits because of their sexual preference is ludicrous in my mind. For example: if a service member lives in a state where marriage (Massachusetts, California) or civil unions or domestic partnerships (New Jersey, Vermont, Washington, D. C. , etc. ) are available, they are prohibited by law from taking advantage of those legally recognized relationship statuses while still serving in the military (either on active duty or in the reserves) because of DADT. Once an LGB service member is discharged and becomes a veteran, he or she can marry, enter a civil union, or register as a domestic partner if the state so allows. However, because the Defense of Marriage Act prevents the federal government from recognizing these same sex relationships, spouses and partners of LGB veterans are denied access to death benefits, pension benefits, home loan assistance programs, medical benefits, the commissary, and any other benefits offered to heterosexual veterans. Hecht). That is just one of the unfair things that the U. S military upholds, you would think someone serving the U. S would have the same rights as their fellow heterosexual members have but they don’t. In the article they also mention the paying back of some benefits if military members were to â€Å"come out† to a commander that they will have to pay back all the funds given to them by the military and will receive a bill from the military. Like I mentioned while out country has come a long way, we still clearly have a long way to go. For this is one of the most discriminating things and error in our government, which is supposed to be for all people and not against its people. My research has proven that minority groups are still being treated unfair and unjust, and for many reasons. As we portray ourselves to be Americans and the land of the great American dream and opportunities for all. All are not granted the same things as others. Jobs, benefits, opportunities, education are all subjected to be taken away from the minority groups, which than lessen their success or goal of reaching that American dream, as they seek out to have one day. Our country us a melting pot and has always been that way from the being of time, we all learn from one another and should help one another. The founders’ of the Constitution wanted nothing more than for everyone to have the same opportunity to the joys of life and the joy of the American dream of being successful in life. While out country has come a long way we still have a ways to go, everyone is not equal, everyone is not assured to have the same benefits as other have, and it’s not right, and just like the suffrage movement, the civil right movements, and the movements that will take place in the future or that will occur in the present things have to be changed so that everyone has the same opportunity and benefits that everyone has, because as a American that is their right as a citizen of this wonderful country. References Institutional inequality denying benefits to lesbian, gay and bisexual veterans. Hecht, B Emily (2008) https://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=truedb=f5hAN=34796299site=ehost-live Inequality in healthcare is killing African Americans. Vernellia R. Randall (2000) https://search. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/login. aspx? direct=truedb=f5hAN=47903159site=ehost-live* .